Edwin Howard Armstrong, Inventor of FM Radio

Edwin Howard Armstrong (December 18, 1890–February 1, 1954) was an American inventor and one of the great engineers of the 20th century. He is best known for developing the technology for FM (frequency modulation) radio. Armstrong won numerous patents for his inventions and was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1980. Fast Facts: Edwin Howard Armstrong Known For: Armstrong was an accomplished inventor who developed the technology for FM radio.Born: December 18, 1890 in New York, New YorkParents: John and Emily ArmstrongDied: February 1, 1954 in New York, New YorkEducation: Columbia UniversityAwards and Honors: National Inventors Hall of Fame, Institute of Radio Engineers Medal of Honor, French Legion of Honor, Franklin MedalSpouse: Marion MacInnis (m.  1922-1954) Early Life Armstrong was born in New York City on December 18, 1890, the son of John and Emily Armstrong. His father was an employee of Oxford University Press, while his mother was deeply involved in the Presbyterian Church. When he was still very young Armstrong became afflicted with St. Vitus Dance—a muscular disorder—which forced him to be home-schooled for two years. Education Armstrong was only 11 years old when Guglielmo Marconi made the first trans-Atlantic radio transmission. Enthralled, the young Armstrong began studying radio and building homemade wireless equipment, including a 125-foot antenna in his parents backyard. His interest in science and technology took Armstrong to Columbia University, where he studied at the schools Hartley Laboratories and made a strong impression on several of his professors. He finished college in 1913 with a degree in electrical engineering. Regenerative Circuit The same year he graduated, Armstrong invented the regenerative or feedback circuit. Regeneration amplification worked by feeding a received radio signal through a radio tube 20,000 times per second, increasing the power of the received radio signal and allowing radio broadcasts to have a greater range. In 1914, Armstrong was awarded a patent for this invention. His success, however, was short-lived; the following year another inventor, Lee de Forest, filed several applications for competing patents. De Forest believed that he had developed the regenerative circuit first, as did several other inventors who became involved in the legal dispute that lasted many years. Although an initial case was resolved in Armstrongs favor, a later decision ruled that De Forest was the true inventor of the regenerative circuit. This was Armstrongs first experience with the legal system that would later cause him so much turmoil. FM Radio Armstrong is most commonly known for inventing frequency modulation, or FM radio, in 1933. FM improved the audio signal of radio by controlling the static caused by electrical equipment and the earths atmosphere. Prior to this, amplitude modulation (AM) radio had been extremely susceptible to such interference, which was what prompted Armstrong to investigate the problem in the first place. He conducted his experiments in the basement of Columbia Universitys Philosophy Hall. In 1933, Armstrong received U.S. patent 1,342,885 for a Method of Receiving High-Frequency Oscillations Radio for his FM technology. Again, Armstrong was not the only one experimenting with such technology. Scientists at the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) were also testing frequency modulation techniques to improve radio transmissions. In 1934, Armstrong presented his latest finding to a group of RCA officials; he later demonstrated the power of the technology using an antenna at the top of the Empire State Building. RCA, however, decided not to invest in the technology and instead focused on television broadcasting. Armstrong had not lost faith in his discovery, though. He continued to refine and promote FM radio technology, first by partnering with smaller companies such as General Electric and then by presenting the technology to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Unlike the RCA officials, those at the FCC presentation were impressed by Armstrongs demonstration; when he played them a jazz recording over FM radio, they were struck by the clarity of the sound. Improvements to FM technology over the 1930s made it more and more competitive with existing technologies. In 1940, the FCC decided to create a commercial FM service, which launched the following year with 40 channels. However, the outbreak of World War II limited the resources that could be put toward new radio infrastructure. Conflicts with RCA—which was still using AM transmissions—also prevented FM radio from taking off. It was not until after the war that the technology began to win popular support. In 1940, RCA, seeing that it was losing the technological race, tried to license Armstrongs patents, but he refused the offer. The company then developed its own FM system. Armstrong accused RCA of patent infringement and began litigation against the company, hoping to win damages for lost royalties. Death Armstrongs inventions made him a rich man, and he held 42 patents in his lifetime. However, he also found himself embroiled in protracted legal disputes with RCA, which viewed FM radio as a threat to its AM radio business. Much of Armstrongs time, as a consequence of the litigation, was devoted to legal matters rather than work on new inventions. Struggling with personal and financial problems, Armstrong committed suicide in 1954 by jumping to his death from his New York City apartment. He was buried in Merrimac, Massachusetts. Legacy In addition to frequency modulation, Armstrong is also known for developing a number of other key innovations. Every radio or television set today makes use of one or more of his inventions. Armstrong even invented the superheterodyne tuner that allowed radios to tune into different radio stations. During the 1960s, NASA used FM transmissions to communicate with its astronauts while they were in space. Today, FM technology is still used throughout the world for most forms of audio broadcasting. Sources Sterling, Christopher H., and Michael C. Keith.  Sounds of Change: a History of FM Broadcasting in America. University of North Carolina Press, 2008.Richter, William A.  Radio: a Complete Guide to the Industry. Lang, 2006.

Solution For Contemporary Economic Issues Essay - 1371 Words

Solution for Contemporary Economic Issues The economic globalization is known as the growing scale of cross-border trade of goods and services, communication, and transportation because of Strengthening economies of a group of countries (Shangquan, 2000). Recently, many countries have encountered new types of economic problems, which is related to economic globalization. To master these problems, economists adopted two general types of economic theories. The first theory is protectionism, which is a philosophy to protect local markets from foreign competition by putting barriers, such as high tariffs. The second theory is known as trade liberalization. The clue of this theory is to encourage countries to stimulate international trade by reducing restrictions between countries. Today, adopting trade liberalization theory is more practical strategy for many countries because it supports the economic growth through stimulating free movement of labor, free trade and outsourcing jobs. The free movement of labor encourages countries to develop their economic renaissance. Pettinger, an economics professor at Greenes College, points out in his article Free Movement of Labor, that many jobs; such as cleaning or some construction jobs, usually are not popular among local people (2012). In Saudi Arabia, almost all workers in cleaning and most of workers in the field of construction are not local workers. Filling high-skill jobs such as research, medicine, and engineering by localShow MoreRelatedProblems Faced By The New Industrial City1586 Words   |  7 PagesContemporary cities face major problems and certain technologies are employed to address these issues. However, while the technological advancement in these cities resolves the problems to a certain extent, further problems are also created. This essay will argue that this requires a continuous need for constant technological solutions to be created to solve the continual influx of problems. 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Mise-En-Scene in Taxi Driver Free Essays

Taxi Driver is about Travis Bickle, a â€Å"sick† taxi driver who is both a prophet and/or a mad man. We are never allowed to know what the movie itself thinks of him, we are never told to love him or hate him and the movie never states whether he is ethically right or wrong. This movie is not about the answers to the problems of the society. We will write a custom essay sample on Mise-En-Scene in Taxi Driver or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is just about the questions and unknowns. It is just an interesting journey in the modern society that could make people discuss about Travis hours and hours. Talking with other people, I was amazed how people can think of him in different ways. Some say he is â€Å"sick†, some say he is their â€Å"prophet†. The fast cuts in the editing (when he practices with the guns) make us enter in his state of mind. But also, some long takes force us to analyze and understand what happened (Very high-angle takes that Scorsese calls â€Å"Priest shots† after the massacre. ). The movie switches dynamically between these styles, which leaves the audience an infinite ways of thinking about the Travis. This is beyond doubt not a journey like Odysseus where the hero always moves forward. In Taxi Driver the hero’s journey is always around the same circle. He does not meet any new people or experience new situations. Same people turn around him, or maybe he turns around the same people and he repeatedly recognizes similar concepts in them. In a realistic movie the fact that he meets with those people so many times and in so many different places would be a mistake. However, this is not a realistic movie. Palantine who was already around him (thanks to the posters and Betsy) gets into his car (which is highly unlikely to happen); he sees Iris in many different unrelated places (three times); Scorsese appears in the movie twice (the unknown one of these is in the scene where we first see Betsy. He is also watching her in the back. ). Also different people reminds him of similar concepts: Betsy and Iris are both woman who are to be saved from the lives they are stuck in, and he sees many different people who cannot communicate with him. This circle with Travis in its center is also represented in the camera movements: either the camera is traveling around him or it is panning to show the panorama of the New York life through his eyes. Moreover, in two different scenes the camera and Travis make the other 180 degrees of the circle and meet at the same place. These formal elements help us understand and feel how Travis is also encircled and alone in that sick world. The fact that this is not a realistic movie is also proved by some of the elements in the narrative. First of all, Travis is described as someone who never sleeps, and we really never see him sleeping. Secondly, the time gaps between the shots (sometimes a week, or maybe a month: after he first signs up for the job, the next shot is in his apartment, and he describes his daily routine. ) also prove that this is a stylized movie. Lastly, although he is almost illiterate (- Education? – Yes, some, you know, here and there! ), he has a diary and we hear him telling us what he is writing. He sometimes even becomes poetic. All of these are almost implausible for an ordinary taxi driver. As a final point about the realism, I think the appearance of Scorsese himself is to remind us that â€Å"this is just a movie† and that we should not get into the story too much. I think he appears at a very important point, when everything starts to boil and the audience risks to be caught in Travis’ delirium too much. Travis’ alienation and loneliness is one of the most underlined ideas in the movie. Even when he is with other people he is very seldom shown as having a real communication with them. One very interesting shot is when he first sits in the cafe with his friends. He sits on the other side of the table and they are on the other sides of the frame. They seem like they are very far apart from each other. Also, when Travis talks with other people (except Iris and Betsy) he never looks at them. There are even some shots where we see what he is looking at, which shows his disconnection with those people. Naturally, for a person so disconnected to the society â€Å"exchanges† are very important. It could be an exchange of a gun or a paper or feelings. Scorsese emphasizes these using some unusual high angles, looking at the action from above. It happens four times in the movie: in the taxi office, in the movie theater, in the gun exchange, and most importantly when he first declares his love to Betsy in the campaign headquarters. In the last one, there is only a shot of the desk from above and the camera is panning in a strange way with no obvious reason. However, we know from the two other scenes that this shot underlines the â€Å"real exchange† of feelings between Travis and Betsy. Furthermore, in one of the best shots of the movie, after his useless and empty talk with Wizard the camera just stands and watches his cab going away and fading in the streets while Wizard is looking at him. The scene announces his detachment from the people and the society. As Taxi Driver is not moving forward as a movie, there is no reason for an obvious change in style. The dizziness of the colors and the fact that the background is often out-of-focus in the whole movie reminds us that there is no way to see the society in a sharper way and finding solutions. We are almost lost in it. Very shiny colors, especially reds, blues and greens, form the main palette of the movie. However, there are some slight changes of colors. For example, in the scenes where he continues his relationship with Betsy, a peaceful green dominates the screen. In the scenes leading to the final massacre, red becomes the leading and threatening color. Again, after that, green again becomes the main color as the scenes have a feeling of calm in them. Moreover, the Sport’s street is darker than many of the places in the movie suggesting a mystical feeling, which prepares us to the climax that happens there. Other important things I want to note about the mise-en-scene are the costumes and the hairs. Travis often changes the way he is dressed and his hairstyle according to the situation. He becomes a very nice-looking guy when he is going to meet with Iris or Betsy. He wears his nice shirts brushes his hair. When he is going to show his anger or his dark side he either wears his marine or leather coat and leaves his hair as it is or even, at the end, shaves it. These changes show the instability of his personality and the two opposite characters of Travis Bickle, a prophet and a sick guy. When he looks nice, we tend to like him; when he looks crazy, we are afraid. Furthermore, the costumes and the hairstyles help Scorsese call attention to one of the most important parallelisms of the Taxi Driver that I already mentioned. Betsy often wears red clothes as Iris does when they meet with Travis. In addition, they are both blondes. That forces us to understand the parallelism between them; according to Travis they are both to be saved from the lives they are stuck in. The climax of the film is obviously the massacre as it is probably the most intense and shocking scene of the film. It is shot and edited as if it was a dream and we are never sure whether it really happens or whether it is just Travis’ imagination. The only thing we know for sure is that it is the explosion of his unexpressed feelings toward the society and the manifestation of his hate against the people. The use of red and some unusual high angles stress the dreamy quality of the scene. Sport’s reappearance and Travis’ survival despite the shot that just missed his throat are out of our worst nightmares. Again, Scorsese does not expect us to believe in it. He just wants us to meditate in what happened. The following scenes also have the same dreamy mood. The greens dominate the night scenes and an interesting peacefulness is expressed with the very slow panning of camera and the tender voice of Iris’ father. Also the fact that Travis got away without going into prison and Betsy’s way of looking that shows her admiration for him make the scene seem like a wonderful dream. At the very end, although Travis is again driving the car, his face is lightened very strongly in a way we are not used to in the movie (It was always dark! ). Is he enlightened? Is he a prophet? However, suddenly, something happens and his face seems red in the mirror, but he fixes it. Is he a lunatic? Is he dead or dreaming? You won’t find the answer to these questions in this movie. How to cite Mise-En-Scene in Taxi Driver, Essay examples

Widow of Ephesus free essay sample

The Widow of Ephesus Written by Gaius Petronius Arbiter, â€Å"The Widow of Ephesus,† is a story of love, devotion, and betrayal. This story takes place on the coast of Asia, in the city of Ephesus. One of the main characters in this story, the widow, is grieving over her husbands dead body when a soldier abandons his post to aid her. There are later versions of this story, in which all begin the same way. However, their details and conclusions are different and unique. When comparing the original story to the first alternate version, â€Å"Here it is Told of a Gentleman Whom the Emperor Had Hanged,† one might note many differences.In the original story, the widow never alters her husbands dead corpse in any way. However, in the alternate version, the widow breaks off her husbands tooth in order to match that of the missing body, which the Knight was supposed to be guarding (Novellino, para. We will write a custom essay sample on Widow of Ephesus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 5). Another difference between the two stories is the title in which the guard possesses. The first story depicts him as a soldier, where as the second story describes him as a Noble Knight. This difference suggests the different settings of time and place between the two stories. One other notable difference is the conclusion of each story.The first story never tells whether or not the widow and the soldier continue their love affair, but the second story tells, â€Å"Then the Knight, seeing what she had done with her husband, said, â€Å"Lady, since you showed so little regard for one towards whom you professed such love, so would you have even less regard for me. † Then he left her, went about his business, and she remained behind in shame† (Novellino, para. 10). In our next alternate version, â€Å"The Perfidious Widow,† differences immediately arise between it and the original story. As in the previous story, our guard carries a different title.In this one, he is referred to as a Captain instead of a Noble Knight or Soldier (Rapporport, para. 2). In addition, the Captain in this story tells the Widow that he is going to run instead of committing suicide. Also, the hair of the dead husbands corpse is plucked out to match that of the corpse which was stolen from the gallows, instead of a tooth extracted. Another difference is that the Widow is not accompanied by a handmaiden. In this story, the Captain hears the Widow crying in the distance, whereas in the previous story, he travels to a nearby Abbey to look for another corpse to replace his missing one.Finally, in the end of this version, the Captain does not leave the Widow and cause her shame. Our final story, â€Å"A Widow Digs Up Her Deceased Husband and Hangs Him on the Gallows,† even more differences arise. In the opening of this story, it is said, â€Å"Now and then there are Widows who are not only happy that their husbands have died, but even those who fail to protect their dead husbands bodies beneath the earth in order to quickly gain another husband,† (Petzoldt, para. 1). Then, the story goes to tell how the widow â€Å"bemoaned,† (para. ) her husbands death many days. This is different from all the other stories, as they never allude that the Widow is happy her husband is dead. In this version, not just one tooth is knocked out, but all of the teeth of the dead husband are knocked out to match the corpse of the man missing from the gallows. There are similarities to the first version we studied, â€Å"Here it is Told of a Gentleman Whom the Emperor Had Hanged,† in that the Widow is basically tricked into giving the dead husbands body in exchange for the missing body the guard lost.

Term Paper on Islami Bank Limited free essay sample

Background of the Study Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited (IBBL) is the first of its kind in the South East Asia which was established in 1983 with a view to provide banking services based on Islamic principles. The bank, which started its operation with only 3 branches in the first year of its inception, has now 207 branches in 26 years of operation. As a bank, Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited receives deposits from its customers from all over the country as well as from abroad on profit and loss sharing basis and deploys that fund to different investment clients to gain profit. The bank distributes an agreed portion of the profit earned to the customers and the shareholders. Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited also performs foreign exchange business. In this process, the bank endeavors to contribute to the betterment of the society. In the context of open market economy, the foreign exchange business is growing rapidly and playing a vital role in the economic growth of a country. We will write a custom essay sample on Term Paper on Islami Bank Limited or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page About 40 % of total business of our country is rolling through foreign exchange transaction. Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited has significantly contributed in flow of international transactions. Among the private commercial bank of our country IBBL is being kept the first position in export, import, remittance flow and as well as earnings the operating profit. Why I have chosen this topic, because to focus the foreign exchange banking performance of IBBL its activities as based on Islamic Shariah. This study is done to evaluate the over all activities of IBBL. Findings of the study may benefit the organization itself to take strategic decision on its future plan to enhance the volume of foreign exchange transaction. It may also benefit the readers as well as researchers who have particular nterests in international trade finance. 1. 1 Scope of the Study The scope of this paper is to discussion of various aspects of Deposit Mobilization, Investment Mechanism Foreign exchange operation of IBBL. This report aims to focus the actual practices â€Å"An Overview Of Foreign Exchange Operation† of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited and its operations. 1. 2 Objectives of the Stu dy The first objective of writing the report is fulfilling the partial requirements of the BBA program. The main purpose of this study is to have a better orientation on Foreign Exchange business performances of the bank. In this report, I have attempted to give an overview of Foreign Exchange Operation of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited . Following are the main objectives ? To familiar the history and operations of Islami Banking in Bangladesh. ? To show the investment mechanism and product offerings in different modes of IBBL. ? To show overall investment proposal, appraisal procedures, documentation system of IBBL and Conventional Banks. ? To show an overview of Foreign Exchange Operation of IBBL. ? To show the differences with conventional banking regarding investments aspects ? To identify strength and weakness of investments of IBBL. To identify the problems related to investments faced by IBBL. ? To recommend actions that may be necessary to redesign the investments of IBBL. 1. 3 Methodology The study is performed based on the information extracted from different sources collected by using a specific methodology. The methods of completing the report have included some steps which are followed by one by one. First of all I selected the topic of the report then I had to collect information relating to the topic by primary and secondary sources and through personal interview. As a Internee of IBBL it was easy for me to collect data. After gathering the information I had to determine the procedure of research and sampling plans. After gathering all the information I required, I have come up with an expected result of the report. Population: All the Branches of IBBL located in everywhere in Bangladesh has been taken into consideration as population. Sample: Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd, Head Office complex Branch. Data collection: Source of data of this report can be divided into two categories: 1. 4 Sources of Information ? Primary Sources: †¢ Practical experience of banking. †¢ Training, workshop seminar. †¢ Related files, books study provided by the officers concerned. Secondary Sources: †¢ Research papers, training materials, magazines. †¢ Annual Report ,Audit Reports of IBBL †¢ Banking related text books, Relevant books, Research papers, Newspapers and Journals, Manuals. †¢ Class notes of IBTRA, Website of IBBL. 1. 5 Limitations of the Study From the intention to make the rep ort realistic and properly accepted this report has been conducted. However, many problems appeared in the way of conducting the study. During the study it was not possible to visit the whole area covered by the bank although the financial statements and other information regarding the study have been considered. The study considers following limitations: ? The major limitation I faced in preparing this report was the sensitivity of the data. As it is a highly competitive market, if the margin information is released to other competitors, it may have a negative impact on their business. Resultantly, in some cases management were reluctant to give some specific data. ? Confidentiality of data was another important barrier that was confronted during the conduct of this study. Every organization has their own secrecy that is not revealed to others. While collecting data on IBBL, personnel did not disclose enough information for the sake of confidentiality of the organization ? Rush hours and business was another reason that acts as an obstacle while gathering data ? Time limitation is also a big factor, which hinders the data collection process. Due to time limitation many aspect could not by discussed in the present study. What is Islamic Bank? An Islamic Bank is a financial institution that operates with the objectives of implementing and materializing the economic and financial principles of Islam in the banking arena. The definition of Islamic Bank as approved the General Secretariat of the OIC is stated in the following manner. â€Å"An Islamic Bank is a financial institution whose status, rules and procedures expressly state its commitment to the principle of Islamic Shariah and to the banning of the receipt and payment of interest on any of its operations. † According to Islamic Banking Act 1983 of Malaysia, â€Å"Islamic Bank is a Company which carries on Islamic banking business. Islamic banking business means banking business whose aims and operations do not involve any element which is not approved by the religion of Islam. 2. 1 Why Islamic Bank? The objective of Islamic banking is not only to earn profit, but to do good and welfare to the people. Islam upholds the concept that money, income and property belong to Allah and this wealth is to be used for the good of the society in general and human being in particular. Islamic banks operate on Islamic principles including profit and loss sharing, strictly avoiding interest, which is the root of all exploitation and is responsible for large scale inflation and unemployment. An Islamic bank is committed to try its best to do away with disparity and establish justice in the economy, trade, commerce and industry, build socio-economic infrastructure and employment opportunities. 2. 2. 1 Introduction Islami Bank Bangladesh is one of the pioneer private commercial bank of Bangladesh. It was incorporated on 13. 03. 1983 as a public company with limited liability under company act, 1913. The Bank started its business from 30. 03. 1983. IBBL is based on Islamic Sharia’h. It is the first Islamic Bank in Southeast Asia. Now, it is the leading private commercial Bank in Bangladesh.

Im Alive Essay Example

Im Alive Essay Example Im Alive Essay Im Alive Essay The television show I’m Alive, episode â€Å"Ambushed† makes viewers re-think holding a snake without it being identified by an expert. A biology teacher told her students that they could find animals in the wild, bring them into school, and she would identify them. In their classroom, there were turtles, spiders, frogs, snakes, and more. The teacher told the students that they could hold any of the animals that they wanted to without permission. Rusty Van Wert and Caleb Snow went over to a terrarium. Rusty reached into the cage to grab and hold a non-venomous yellowbelly water snake, which had been caught in the wild and identified by his biology teacher. His eyes were lit up with joy to be holding this snake. He had a very big smile on his face and could not appear to be any happier in that moment. The snake was then handed off to Caleb, who had never held a snake before. Caleb squeezed the snake pretty hard which made it start squirming and twisting and just going crazy. Caleb’s eyes showed fear. His whole body was frantically trying to control this 2. 5 foot long snake and get it back into the cage. Sweat started to run down his cheeks and drip onto his shirt. He was very nervous and still trying to put the snake back into the cage when he got bit. He yanked his arm away very quickly and immediately let go of the snake. Rusty’s first thoughts were â€Å"If this snake gets loose it is going to bite someone else. So I had to do something and I had to do something quick. † Rusty tried to grab the snake as quickly as he could and that’s when the snake bit him. He was bit four times. The snake was latched onto Rusty’s hand, so he frantically yanked the snake off by his other hand and jammed it back into the cage and threw the lid on top. Total shock had overcome both Rusty and Caleb. Now looking into each other’s eyes not knowing what to do or think, hearing the teacher say â€Å" This is just a non-venomous yellowbelly water snake, but you better go down to the nurse’s office and get checked out anyways. † They headed to the nurse’s office. On the way to the nurse’s office both Rusty and Caleb’s hand started swelling up and they were in extreme pain. Their vision became blurred being described as tunnel vision. They started stumbling around and started to have trouble breathing. Both of them got sat down in chairs in the hallway before making it to the nurse’s office. Rusty’s face went pale, he started sweating really bad, then all of a sudden his eyes rolled into the back of his head and he passed out. Caleb jumping up in fear started to yell at Rusty and he regained consciousness. They finally made it to the nurse’s office and it was decided they both be taken to the hospital and get checked out there. Shortly after arriving at the hospital Rusty was taken back and seen by a doctor because he was in such bad shape. The doctor said that the snake bite that he had was defiantly not from a nonvenomous snake but he had to have a picture of the snake to determine what kind of antivenom he was going to need to give to Rusty. The school sent over photos of the snake and Rusty identified which snake that they had gotten bitten by. The doctor said that it was a venomous cottonmouth snake. Shocked by the news that he was just given Rusty started getting viles of antivenom pumped into his body. He ended up needing 8 viles of antivenom. Typical cottonmouth snake bites can deliver 142 mg of venom. 13 mg is enough to kill a human. Rusty was in critical condition and in intensive care for 2 days. Rusty and Caleb both ended up recovering and being released from the hospital but they both had to undergo six weeks of rehab to repair the damage that was done to their hands and arms. Rusty concludes the story by encouraging people to not ever hold a snake that has not been identified by an expert. If an snake has been found in the wild and identified by a person on the street as a common snake of the area, always check with an expert before handling the snake.

Negotiation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Negotiation - Assignment Example Similarly, trust as a tool played an important role in enhancing the operation of traditional intra-organizational bargaining and process, considering that both of these processes were applied especially in the final stages where the bargaining process had become complex and each side of the bargaining agreement was taking firm positions in regard to their bargains (McKersie, et al., 2008:93). It is only through trust that the sides were able to soften their stands, and engage each other constructively, making it possible for the sides to eventually agree on a settlement. Under circumstances where the bargaining process was characterized by mistrust, such as the case was in the initial stages of the bargaining process, the subcommittees (BTGs), had difficulties engaging, and each side had applied extremism, with the Coalition of Kaiser Permanente Unions (CKPU) placing its bargain so high, while the Kaiser Permanente (KP) offered very low bargains in return (McKersie, et al., 2008:91). Therefore, the similarity between the bargaining process described by Fisher & Ury, and that described by Barratt and McKersie et al, is that both applied trust as the fundamental tool for negotiations. Secondly, the similarity in bargaining process described by Fisher & Ury, and that described by Barratt and McKersie et al is that, both processes experienced coordination problems (McKersie, et al., 2008:91). While the processes started well with the IBN taking center stage in bringing the interests of the parties to a round table, so the negotiations could proceed on the basis of the interest of the parties, it eventually became difficult to coordinate the work of the two sides. The BTG subcommittees developed proposals that were not acceptable at the table, making the whole negotiation process delay more than it was anticipated, thus closing

Programs Marketing for Laptops Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 36

Programs Marketing for Laptops - Essay Example the group has to carry out a SWOT analysis of your group (Hartley, pg.33). This helps the group to determine what they have and what they are to do. The group determines your major competitors in the area who sells the OS. This places the group at the position of capitalizing the weakness of the competitors. Having achieved that, then the marketing strategies have to be drawn in the form of a business plan. The methods of marketing are discussed and stated.  Then target as many people as possible when marketing for the products. The aggressive online advertisement has shown to have greater opportunities for getting customers. Present your OS in the commonly visited site (Hartley, pg.36). Have your programs intelligently advertised to attract the customers. Include contacts in the advertisement site to allow communication with the customers. Posters and banners can also be used to enhancing market of the program. The positioning of them is crucial so that they are easily visible and readable. The group can also take marketing to social centers to capture many as possible. Offer some services at no cost like teaching on how to install the program. This captures more customers. Periodic review of the progress is determined. This helps determine which programs, OS is commonly sorted, and the specific features customers want. Through this, the group can propel ahead in their business.

Persuasive Communications, Campaigning and Public Opinion & Reputation Essay - 1

Persuasive Communications, Campaigning and Public Opinion & Reputation Management - Essay Example s many different channels to reach the target audience, from regular advertising to public service announcements, Internet banner ads, and telephone marketers. Because of the power of the Internet, the advertisements move at a faster speed than ever before, combining celebrities with symbols and commodity signs. Persuasive websites are used to persuade the Internet audience about anything that one can think of. Companies are in business simply because they focus on how best to persuade an audience. The messages that are broadcast on the Internet, television, in print, etc., use all sorts of persuasive techniques, from flattery, empathy, nonverbal communication and likeability appeals. Symbols are used, such as symbols of wealth and prestige, or symbols of social consciousness – entering a Nordstrom and seeing a fashionable man playing a piano is an example of the former, a Benetton ad featuring a dying AIDS patient is an example of the latter. Some persuasive appeals are disgu ised as news. Whatever is being persuaded, there is a theory behind how it works, and this is the focus of this particular essay. Along with the focus on how it works will be analysis of how persuasion is employed in campaigns, as well as how persuasion is used to shape and mold public opinion. Perloff (2008) states that persuasion first involves the persuader’s awareness that he or she is trying to influence somebody else (p. 15). Therefore, a dog or a cat who curries favor from their owners, in order to get foods or treats, would not be considered to be persuading, because they do not have the awareness that their owner wants to change. Persuasion is symbolic, and is really a step by step process. The symbols that might be used might be symbols with cultural meanings, such as the flag, a Star of David or a Holy Cross. It may be attained by images, such as the Nike swoop or the McDonald’s golden arches (Perloff, 2008). Moreover, persuaders do not really operate by persuading others to

History Of The Industrialised Building System Construction Essay

History Of The Industrialised Building System Construction Essay Steel framing construction is classified as one of the Industrialised Building System. However, Industrialised Building System (IBS) is common in construction industry in Malaysia. Steel framing is becoming more common in residential construction. The use of steel for framing residential construction has both advantages and disadvantages. Steel frame elements are manufactured in the factory and then will be transported to a job site for installation once it passed the inspection on it quality standard. This method has its own significance and shortage. Construction site take very high attention on the safety aspect especially when the construction is running. Safety is an issue that has no end and every year will have accidents occurred on construction site. However, it can be lead to accidence that may cause injured or dead to worker or public. Steel framing construction also having their own risk and hazard in its construction process during the installation component although it was convenient to install. For example steel column base plates are a fundamental component of a steel structure. Poor base plate installation can lead to steel columns tipping over, which can cause severe injuries or death to worker in the area. The experiences contractor on steel framing installation knows there are procedures required to pull off a high level of quality, customer satisfaction and most important safety. To make installation run smoothly it is the best to have experienced worker or else have a good safety and health management to guide and control the workers to comply with the safety rules. By the way, the major problem was poor attitude of the worker and poor management system. Aim and Objectives The overall objective for this proposal is to investigate and evaluate the safety aspects in steel framing construction. The specific objectives of this study are as follows: 1. To study the process of installation steel framing component. 2. To identify the safety aspect and the requirement during the installation process steel framing component at site. 3. To identify the level of safety during installation process at site. Problem Statement The Industrialised Building System (IBS) is not a new approach in Malaysia. It has been introduced in Malaysia since 1966. However, the most steel framing construction accidents occur because the developer or contractor lack of proper planning or using the unsafe equipments and do not follow the correct method when installation. Apart from this, unsafe site condition, not using the safety equipment that was provided, and poor attitude of workers toward safety during installation process also the issues that causes accident. Therefore, it indicated that there is lack of consideration of safety and risk evaluation in IBS construction. Based on the information from Social Security Organization (SOCSO), Malaysia recorded a worrying increase in the numbers of accident occurring at construction site. It shows that a total of 4654 out of 73858 industrial accidents recorded in 2003 were come from the construction industry. (Mohammed Taher Alashwal, 2008). But it different if used steel framing system, the statistic from CIDB shows the accidents are 50% from heavy lifting, 20% installation, 10% other factor, and other 10% from during transportation component to storage accidents. Scope of study The scope of this study is focussed on safety aspects on installation of Industrialised Building System (IBS) which specific in steel framing construction. This study is to identify the safety aspect during the steel framing construction at the installation stage. The information will be collected from observation, interviews, internet resources, journal and some of the documents. 1. This study covers Industrialised Building System specific in steel framing. 2. This study identifies the safety requirements within the installation stage of steel framing construction. 3. Information will be collected at Kuala Lumpur and Selangor area. Methodology Interview In this research proposal, interviewed is to be conducted with the contractor which are using steel framing system for their project or any other relevant position of staff within construction site to get the information. 4 to 5 interview question will be set which related to my research objective there are to identify the safety aspect and requirement during the installation process of steel framing component at site and to identify the level of safety during installation process at site. After that, I will do an summary based on the information that I collect from the respondent. Face to face interview will be conducted and several questions will be asked and the answer will be recorded down. Face to face interview is chosen because it was very convenient for the respondent and interviewee to discuss and different date collection techniques can be used for example open-ended questions and visual aids can improve the understanding of interviewee. Desktop based review To improve my understanding and experience to do future thesis, I will using desktop based review as my secondary data collection techniques which reading through the articles, journal papers, conference papers, books and websites browsing related to my title. Through this method I can have better understanding on the process of installation steel framing component before I go to the construction site visit to do observation. So when I go to the site visit, I can directly go to the point of the installation process and can easily understand the information given by the respondent to get the good idea to write my research. Review of previous research and book done by other people also make me more familiar with the correct way to do research in this topic and also increase the accuracy. Observation Besides, observation will as my one of the method to collect data to identify the level of safety during installation process at site. Besides, I also will observe on the process of installation steel framing component to fulfil my objective. I will make appointment with the contractor which using steel framing system to have a site visit at his construction site to observe the going of project specific in installation process of steel framing system. I also will take a reference on the lay out plans for steel frame component, steel frame installation guide, and other communications which provide by contractor. The important of study Through this research, the contractor which specific on steel framing construction can use this as a guide for them to review their safety requirement when installation of the steel framing component to reduce the rate of accident of construction work in Malaysia.

Personal Development and Reflective Reasoning in Nursing Essay

â€Å"Maybe reflective practices offer us a way of trying to make sense of the uncertainty in our workplaces and the courage to work competently and ethically at the edge of order and chaos†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ghaye, 2000, p.7) In order to fully understand the personal development and reflective reasoning in relation to your development in the Nursing field, one will have to define these two terminologies. Personal development means to include activities that improve awareness, can develop potential that will ultimately enhance the quality of life. Medical colleges advocate personal development plans as a basis for continuing professional development. Whereas, reflective reasoning is where a nurse can apply learning and insights of others into their own work. In nursing courses students learn through lecture and discussion, which is the primary method for teaching theoretical principles, but when you add a more complete understanding of the relationship between theory and practice one may become a more competent nurse. Awareness of issues and analysis of knowledge and feelings are some stages that are involved in reflection but then identification and integration of new learning is needed as well. By consc iously engaging in their own and others reflection it is believed that the level of professional interaction will improve. Motivation, one issue bound to crop up in ones work life, as well as leadership and of course managing conflict these are some issues when speaking of personal development. The ability to reflect upon us is a valuable part of human life, insisted Taylor (2000). Reflection and reflective practice are claimed to enhance professional development, link theory and practice, promote critical thinking, lead to self-awareness a... ...Cartwright(Ed.), Studies in social power(pp. 150-167). Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research. Ghaye, T. (2000) Into the reflective mode: bridging the stagnant moat. Reflectice Practice, 1(1) 5-9. Gray, G. (1998). Becoming a reflective practitioner. In Towards a Discipline of Nursing, Churchill Livingstone, Melbourne, pp. 335-354. Harrington-Mackin, D. (1996) Keeping the Team Going: A Tool Kit to Renew & Refuel Your Workplace Teams, March 26, 1996 AMACOM Kerfoot, K. (2001). The Leader as Synergist. MEDSURG Nursing, 10(2), 101-103. Laurent, C.L. (2000). A nursing theory for nursing leadership. Journal of Nursing Management, 8, 83-87. SCHÃâ€"N D A (1983) The Reflective Practitioner: how professionals think in action London: Temple Smith Taylor, B.J. (2000) Reflective Practice: a Guide for Nurses and Midwives. Buckingham: Open University Press

Marriage & Family

A sexual script consists of expectations of how to behave sexually as a female or male and as a heterosexual, lesbian, or gay male. (Cohen, DeVault, & Strong 2008 p. 191) We use sexual scripts to direct us on how to organize, interpret and react to different sexual situations and emotions significantly. Our original sexual scripts starts as traditional, they are formed by what we learn from our parents, other adolescents or through watching television.Our sexual identities form while learning to be sexual and this begins in our adolescence, progressively we will change our scripts as we continue to experience new situations. Depending on what we gained knowledge of and included into our sexual scripts our emotions will play through our learned interactions. Sexual behavior, what we consider as sexually normal, our social lives and gender roles all play a part in what makes our sexual scripts differ between males and females.The traditional sexual script identifies the male as sexuall y aggressive and views sex as more of a recreational pastime, where they are focused more on pleasuring themselves. Cohen, DeVault and Strong 2008 p. 191 describes a few assumptions regarding the male script by Therapist Bernie Zilbergeld; men should not have certain feelings, a man always want sex and is always ready for it, performance is what counts, and a man is in charge, all physical contact leads to sex, sex equals intercourse, sex always leads to orgasm.The traditional female scripts suggest that women focus on emotions more that sex. Assumptions were also made for women; sex is both good and bad, girls don’t want to know about their genitalia, sex is for men, men should know what women want, women should not talk about sex, women should look like beautiful models, women are nurturers, and there is only one right way to experience orgasm. In the society today sexual scripts are slightly altered because gender roles are slightly altered.Traditional sexual scripts are n ow being replaced with contemporary sexual scripts, some of the assumptions that are made regarding both sexes are sexual expression is good, sexual activities may be initial by either partner, both parents have a right to experience orgasm, non marital sex is acceptable within a relationship context. Our sexual scripts are called into play when dealing with sexual activity and other social interactions. These scripts are used when viewing ourselves or others. I believe sexual scripts are used in everyday situations, in how we speak to one another or allow other to speak to us.Sexual scripts can determine who we date or marry and how we interact with our significant others. I believe that an individual assume that everyone shares the same sexual script as themselves and in times we are shocked when we learn otherwise. We believe that we have the same beliefs and view the world through the same glasses. People assume that sexual scripts are simple such as boy like girl, girl likes bo y, boy works, girls cleans, boy wants sex girl gives sex, while in the new generation most are following a modern style of living with a contemporary style of sexual scripts.

How Many Zeros in a Billion A Million A Trillion

How Many Zeros in a Billion A Million A Trillion SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Wondering how many zeros are in a billion? A trillion? A nonillion? Whether you’ve recently won the lottery and are trying to make sure your bank account has the correct number of zeros or you’re simply trying to find an easy way to understand how many zeros are in large numbers (over a million), this is the article for you. We’ll break down an easy trick for figuring out how many zeros are in large numbers and provide a handy chart for easy reference. How Many Zeros in a Trillion? How Large Numbers Are Made The digit zero (0) is important for counting large numbers. The larger the number is, the more zeros it has. Starting at 1,000, large numbers have groups of 0s in them. Every time you jump up to the next level of number, another 0 is added. The number one thousand has three 0s in it (1,000). The number 10,000 has four 0s in it (10,000). The number one hundred thousand has five 0s in it (100,000). The number one million has six 0s in it (1,000,000). Every time you have a full group of three zeros, like in one million (1,000,000), you use a comma to separate them. How Many Zeros in a Million? How Many Zeros in a Billion? Reference Chart Here’s how numbers from 100,000 to 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (nonillion) look when written out with the correct groups of three 0s. Name Number of Zeros Written Out One Thousand 3 1,000 Ten Thousand 4 10,000 One Hundred Thousand 5 100,000 One Million 6 1,000,000 Billion 9 1,000,000,000 Trillion 12 1,000,000,000,000 Quadrillion 15 1,000,000,000,000,000 Quintillion 18 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 Sextillion 21 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Septillion 24 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Octillion 27 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Nonillion 30 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 How to Figure Out How Many Zeros in a Million Trying to figure out how many zeros should be in a large number? Each large number always adds a zero to the number immediately preceding it, starting at 1,000. 1,000 has three zeros. That means that the next large number, ten thousand (10,000), has four zeros. The same goes when you get into the millions. One million has six zeros (1,000,000). Ten million has seven zeros (10,000,000). One hundred million has eight zeros (100,000,000). When you make the jump from one large number to the next designation (for instance, from one million to one billion), you’ll add a group of three zeros. One million has six zeros (1,000,000), while one billion has nine zeros (1,000,000,000). Recap: How Many Zeros in a Billion? Zero the most important digit for creating large numbers. Large numbers above 100,000 have groups of three zeros separated by commas. A million has six zeros, a billion has nine, and a trillion has 12. What’s Next? Writing a research paper for school but not sure what to write about? Our guide to research paper topics has over 100 topics in ten categories so you can be sure to find the perfect topic for you. Learning about natural logs? Check out our guide on the natural log rules you must know to ace this subject. What is dynamic equilibrium and what does it have to do with rusty cars? Find out by reading our complete guide to dynamic equilibrium.

buy custom Breast Cancer Detection with Mammography essay

buy custom Breast Cancer Detection with Mammography essay This article illustrates its objective as to evaluate or to assess the strategies used to screen breast cancer in the U.S. This article is reliable because the design used involves six models which use common data elements. The date collected depends on; competing mortality, mammography characteristics, age- specific incidence and the treatment effects. The study involves twenty screening strategies which have initiation and cessation ages which are varying and have been annually or biennially applied. The results are measured according to the reduction in mortality rate which has occurred due to breast cancer cases, false positive results, and unnecessary biopsies and over diagnosis and the number of mammograms. This makes this article more valid since it follows and gives the details according to its title. The results given by this journal are reliable since it gives the percentages of the results of both annual and biennial screening strategies of the 6 models. According to this journal, biennial screening at the age of 40 years has reduced the death or mortality rate while the same biennial screening after 69 years results to an additional death rate reduction in the six models. Over diagnosis increased the mortality rate at older ages. This journal also gives its limitation that the results do not include the death rate results from the false positive, women with unnecessary treatment or results of women who had earlier diagnosis which are indicated as parts of the result measures. The conclusion made in this journal is that biennial screening has a lot of impact over the annual screening and that it has less harm. The journal has suggested that the best strategy depends on the program, objectives and also considerations of the strategies resource, harm and its benefits. This journal is useful to researchers who are working on the effects of breast cancer screening using schedules that differ from one another. It is also reliable to those working on the benefits and harms of using different schedules of screening breast cancer. This is an important journal in that it gives the objective of whether examining women who have a history of breast cancer annually which is known as the annual mammography screening other than the usual biennial screening which is normally carried out would be of any use to these women. The method used in this journal is valid because it has grouped women with a family breast cancer history into years. Women aged between 50-69 years are diagnosed in the years 1998-2004. They are also grouped according to whether these women are screened in an annual screening area or in a biennial screening area. The journal has also compared and has given the differences between the results got after screening women from different areas of screening. This journal has also outlined the results of both diagnoses. This journal is useful because it has analyzed both results in terms of the size of the tumors, node-negative tumors and tumors with higher odds. It has also stated the significant difference between women with a family history and those without a family histor. It has drawn a conclusion that annual screening to 50-69 years women with a family history of breast cancer is significant. It increases the odds of diagnosis with small and node-negative tumors. The journal recommends for further investigation on whether improved prognostic indicators can make better mortality results for women with a family history of breast cancer, and have had screened annually. This journal is reliable because it tries to give solutions on how to reduce the mortality rate of women with a family history of breast cancer. This journal article is important because it has given the objective of the study as to compare the results of breast cancer in women who have been subjected to different mammography screening frequency policies. The data was collected from women who participated in Screening Mammography Program of British Columbia (SMPBC). This article indicates that in 1997, SMPBC changed the policy from the annual to biennial types of screening mammography for women aged 50-79 years and retained the annual recommendation in women aged 40-49 years. The method used in this journal is reliable because it gives breast cancer results for women in both groups who participated in the program before and after 1997 and they are also compared. The results presented in this journal are reliable because it has given the total data of women who participated in the program. Comparisons are made between the results of women aged 50-79 years and those aged 40-49 years. Comparisons are also made between the results of women who attended the program before and after 1997. The journal states that cancer survival had improved for women aged 40-49 who were diagnosed after 1997 but had not changed for women aged 50-79. It also states that breast cancer mortality rate did not change between both periods in either group. The conclusion made in this journal is valid and it states that the cancer results improved in women who were 40-49 years of age however, for those aged 50-79 years was different. This is because of the changes in the screening frequency which did not result into any changes of the mortality rate of breast cancer in both groups. This journal is reliable to the researchers who are working on the impacts of changing of annual to biennial screening of breast cancer in women at a particular age and in this case 50 to 79 years. This article indicates its objective as to estimate the effectiveness of the cost of mammography by breast density, age, family with a history of breast cancer, screening intervals and a history of breast biopsy. The design used in this journal is the markov microsimulation model. The data used was collected from different sources which include medical literature, epidemiology, surveillance and the end results program. This journal has given the targeted population as the women in the U.S who are classified into different age groups. These women must have had mammography at the age of 40 years. The journal also gives the interventions of the study as mammography done annually, biennially, 3-4 years or no mammography. The measures that are used to deetermine the results include the costs per the quality adjusted in a life year gained and the number of women who have been screened for over 10 years in order to prevent death from breast cancer. The journal has given the analysis of the results. It has outlined a conclusion that biennial screening costs less than the cost of quality which has been adjusted in a life year gain. It has also given the cost of the biennial screening in dollars depending on the age. This article recommends that mammography should be done for every one or two years at the age of 40 to 50 years without considering that one is at risk of cancer or not. This journal is useful to researchers who are working on breast cancer cause without considering women status of cancer risks or their ages. This journal states that the regular adherence of screening mammography which is also referred to as the maintenance of mammography normally reduces the mortality and the morbidity rate due to breast cancer. It also states that regular screening of breast cancer is rarely done and that it is not yet known why women do not maintain the regular checkups. The journal outlines the investigations of the longitudinal interpretations why women with breast cancer do not maintain regular screening. The methods used and have been illustrated well in this journal are reliable. This is because participating women had to be insured and had to have enrolled in an intervention trial and also had to have undergone mammography at least 8 months prior to enrollment. The data used was collected in the years between 2003 and 2008. This journal is valid because it has given the percentages of the results women who did not have regular screening of breast cancer. It has given the primary results of the actual results. It has indicated that most of the organizations have recommended different intervals of screening. The recommended interval in this journal is screening of women after every one year in women who are 40 years and over. It has also given some of the reasons why most women who have ever undergone screening or they are aged do not maintain a regular mammography screening. It also states that the odds of lack of maintenance of regular screening decreased over by the time. Most women who participated in this study were aged 50 years and over. This journal has presented the discussion of the findings that would provide the insights in to the targets that would show the interventions of maintaining regular screening of breast cancer in women. The journal states that if women are well taken care of in terms of intervention, they can maintain the regular cancer screening. This journal is useful and also reliable especially to researchers who are working on the reasons why women at risks of cancer do not maintain a regular screening. Buy custom Breast Cancer Detection with Mammography essay

Practice week Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Practice week - Assignment Example The evaluation and designing of data gathering tools has resulted in the collection of the following data on the problem of physical inactivity among the youths. The United Kingdom department of Health and Human Services recommends that young people between the ages of 18-25 should participate in at least sixty minutes of physical activity. However, this is not usually the case because only 18% of young people within this age are those who are active physically. 29 % of young people of this age have a record of attending physical education only in institutions of learning while the rest do not attend any form of physical fitness exercise (Humphreys & Ruseski, 2007, p. 541). Lack of physical activity affects academic achievement of a person such as concentration and attentiveness in classroom. 34% of academic mischievous individuals results due to lack of physical activity. According to Humphreys and Ruseski (2007, p. 544), physical inactivity influences overweight and obesity and increases the risks of one getting diabetes, high cholesterol, asthma, high blood pressure, poor health status and arthritis. Over 60 % of deaths and diagnose cases of the above conditions among affected individual has its roots from lack of physical activity. Physical inactivity influences and raises the chances of a person dying prematurely, developing diabetes, dying of heart diseases and colon cancer (Humphreys & Ruseski, 2007, p. 545). 58 % of problems and general deaths in hospitals arising from the above conditions have their causes traced from physical inactivity. From the data gathering and information collection, 77% percent of individuals between ages 18 and 25 years reported not to have participated in a free-time physical activity during the previous fourteen days. Instead, only 15.1% have participated in not more than sixty minutes of any

BMWi Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

BMWi Case Study - Essay Example It uses cutting-edge material, custom built architectures with future production technologies (Case study: BMWi, 2011). The brand presence is global and has a niche market with dealers representing almost every corner of the world. The company has a loyal database of customers and it also expects an older segment (53 years old) to constitute the majority (84 percent) of their new customers (for BMWi) as against the younger (49 years old) audience for the earlier versions of BMW. However, the average age of its customer base is expected to be lesser than its competitors in Audi and Mercedes. The company constantly engages its loyal customer base through a range of media including TV, YouTube, Facebook, Email, Phone and Website among others. Its social media initiatives for BMWi through its ‘join the conversation’ invitation and a set of about 50 mobile apps through its ‘MyCityWay’ apps initiative to keep the customer updated with the local information is anot her innovative approach to constantly communicate with their customers. The company also has tied up with the London Olympics, 2012 as an automotive partner to leverage higher exposure for the brand and the new concept car (Case study: BMWi, 2011). Figure 1: Logo- BMW. ... The company plans to engage its target segment through direct and digital marketing with a ?400, 000 budget allocated for the purpose (Case study: BMWi, 2011). Figure 2: Model overview of BMW335i Coupe. Source: https://www.bmwcenternet.com Strategies to generate the 5,000 leads. Acquiring a new type of customer for BMWi- BMWi is a concept car which promises zero emission and is environment friendly. It also has a government approval for a ?5,000 grant that their customers can avail. As more than 50 percent of the target segment for BMWi are set to avail finance either from BMW or others, the grant from the government can be advertised with sufficient emphasis as it can help in subtly drive across the patronizing support from the government due its high fuel efficiency and eco friendly design and manufacture. This information can be communicated to the target customers through trade-shows, occasional TV and print advertisements and social media. In addition, the company can leverage i ts ‘join the conversation’ initiative to gather sufficient new leads as loyal customers and prospects are bound to network extensively on social media. The 5Cs of real-time marketing: content, conversation, context, continuity and commerce need to be constantly put in focus to reflect the brand (Leonard, 2011). Further, the online presence of the company must be readily leveraged in all aspects to actively engage the customers while giving them quality experience through seamless integration of its systems. Creative engagement needs to be fostered through the company’s as well as the dealer websites to actively listen to customer preferences. A live chat on the company and dealer websites can also help generate sufficient leads of new