Manufacturing Execution Systems Join The Cyber Physical...

Manufacturing becomes more and more complicated when production series are short, products are diversified and production technology is variable. In the case of short-series production, Manufacturing Execution Systems join the cyber physical part of production with virtual manufacturing services and business level operations. Unfortunately, most of the existing architectures follow the paradigm of hierarchical MES placed between the control systems and business application level. They have fixed interfaces to production facilities and a predefined set of services. The main argument in favour of such a solution is the global optimisation of manufacturing operations but in the case of highly dynamic, short-series production, it is†¦show more content†¦The traditional design of manufacturing control systems does not allow for rapidly expanding options in materials, processes, interfaces to product models that have a number of variants. Holons allow the implementation of product ion variants and the rapid reconfiguration of the machines and robots. Proposed MES architecture supports the capability of production systems. Demand chain management will allow for a significant reduction in waste and will increase the profitability of production systems. Flexible production planning will effect in reducing the setup and changeover time and costs. The strategic target of proposed MES solution is one piece flow production that means the feasibility of short series production (up to one element) by using the production lines designed formerly for mass manufacturing. Like all industrial solutions, the proposed MES also has to fit the existing standards accepted by industry. The authors define an MES functional model that complies with the third part of the widely accepted ANSI/ISA-95 (IEC/ISO 62264) standard. Since ISA95 represents a hierarchical vision of MES, this model has been adapted to the heterarchical agent-based architecture. ISA 95 defines the workflow and information exchange for Manufacturing Operations Management. This includes the structure of manufacturing management functions and their interactions with business systems. ISA95 defines these

The Whiskey Rebellion Of 1794 Essay - 1556 Words

BADERO 1 OLAMIDE BADERO PROF. PATKE HISTORY 1301 N0VEMBER, 10 2016 THE WHISKEY REBELLION OF 1794 The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 brings about the death of the elite Federalist Government in favor of the democratic Republican Government, concerned with the needs of all of its citizens. United States of America suffered many growing pains when trying to balance its commitment to liberty with the need for order, but with the help of their greatest ally (France) and the people of the thirteen colonies of America they defeated the greatest empire in the world. A new U.S. federal government started operating in 1789 after the new constitution was made, the previous government under the Article of Confederation were too weak after the revolutionary war, the state did as they please, the congress were unable to impose tax, enforce foreign treaties, or draft troops. It was mainly a friendly government; thus the expression â€Å"the do-nothing congress†. Each state considered itself free and independent, and easterners and westerners were separated by g eography as well as their own concerns. This new constitution was a brilliant one; it expressed how there is no true ruler power because the power ultimately lies in the people. This document was created in a Convention in Philadelphia, it became the foundation for the United States and is still theShow MoreRelatedWhiskey Rebellion ( 1794 )1139 Words   |  5 PagesWhiskey Rebellion (1794) In 1791, congress had placed a federal tax on whiskey to help get rid of the national debt the consisted of $54 million. Whiskey was extremely valuable for it was an all purpose liquor used by many. So in 1794 thousands of pennsylvanian farmers in opposition to the tax got together and rebelled against federal law, and eventually George Washington had to send in enforcement and peace commissioners. The enforcement helped George Washington to establish the authority of theRead MoreThe Whiskey Rebellion Essay875 Words   |  4 PagesBook Review By Xxxxx X. Xxxxxx HIS 1111 The Whiskey Rebellion: Frontier Epilogue to the American Revolution. By Thomas P. Slaughter. (New York: Oxford University Press, l986, 291 pp.) In October of 1794, in response to a popular uprising against the federal government, President Washington sent an army of nearly 13,000 men across the Allegheny Mountains into the frontier regions of Western Pennsylvania. This event marked the greatest internal crisis of Washingtons administration and wasRead MoreThe First American Party System Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesToday, political parties are an authoritative and essential component of the United States political system. However, it is important to examine how the political parties began and evolved over hundreds of years, since they were first established. In 1794, the major political parties were the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans. The major difference between these two was that the Federalists favored a strong central government, while the Democratic-Republicans preferred a central government withRead MoreThe United States And The Revolutionary War952 Words   |  4 PagesImagine one day after a long day off work in the fields, you go to your local pub or watering hole and you ask for your favorite brand of whiskey on the rocks. Then bam, there’s a tax on it. Not much, but not only do you have not just pay the 2 cents for your whiskey but you’re paying an extra penny for your favorite drink to the government. You thought your Government was getting rid of taxes forever but no, you have to pay for the cost of your freedom, because freedom is never free. In 1791, almostRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Whiskey Rebellion with Shay’s Rebellion.838 Words   |  4 PagesShays Rebellion was an armed uprising in western Massachusetts that run from 1786 to 1787. The rebels, led by Daniel Shays were small farmers angered by debilitating debt and taxes and failure to repay such debts often resulted in imprisonment in prisons. This was viewed by many as unjust, unfair and primarily favoring those with money. The levying of the taxes was orchestrated so as to put money back to the coffers after the American revolution. Those adversely affected were small scale subsistenceRead MoreThe Whiskey and Shay Rebellion Essay1100 Words   |  5 Pages There were many rebellions in the United States history, some peaceful and some violent. Shays Rebellion in 1786 and the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794 are examples of two brutal rebellions that led to death of many innocent people. Rebellions can develop due to many conditions including unfair laws, unfair treatment, and a disagreement over a sensitive topic. The Shays Rebellion showed the Articles of Confederation was too weak, while the Whiskey Rebellion proved the Constitution to be a strong frameworkRead More history Essay1637 Words   |  7 Pagesthat would stop the national debt from growing or even reduce it. This bill, which was approved by both houses in the winter session of Congress in 1791, put an excise tax on all spiritus fermenti, or whiskey (Pike 1). The tax was an ad valorem tax that added twenty five percent to the value of whiskey. Needless to say, this was not well accepted and the peoples’ opposition to it would become one of the first tests of power the new government would have to face. The thing about this tax is that theRead MoreThe American Revolutionary War Of The United States1196 Words   |  5 Pagesmillion dollars between federal and state. So Hamilton believed that he could create a solution to generate the revenue needed to pay back the debt, but also give room for the US to prosper. Hamilton came up with the â€Å"Whiskey Tax† which would raise taxes for distillers of whiskey, which was very popular if not the most popular drink at the time. The official name of the law, passed in 1791 by congress was entitled â€Å" An Act Repealing, after the Last Day of June Next, the Duties Heretofore Laid uponRead More The Whiskey Rebellion Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesThe Whiskey Rebellion CONTENTS 1. Introduction to the French and Indian War 2. Domestic and social differences in the region 3. Washington?s statement 4. Attack on the Lys 5. Battle for the Fort Lydius 6. Battle for Forts William Henry and Bull 7. Battle for Fort Oswego 8. Battle for Quebec 9. Treaties Senecas and Paris   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 helped bring about the demise of the aristocratic Federalist Government in favor of the democratic Republican Government, concernedRead MoreWhiskey Rebellion Proclamation Essay1000 Words   |  4 Pagesabout the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794 was a proclamation which is an official announcement dealing with a subject of great importance. The Whiskey Rebellion Proclamation was written by the President of the United States at the time which was George Washington. This proclamation was intended for the people of the United states to respond to the protest of the whiskey tax that had been put in place. The Whiskey Rebellion started off as the people of the united states getting mad that whiskey had been

Reality Shows Their Effect on American Teens Free Essays

Their Effect on American Teens Martha Wallace ENG 122: English Composition II Professor Kathy Conner August 8, 2011 The values of our forefathers for America have disappeared. Each year more and more of American children are Judging themselves based upon the lives portrayed in popular media. Certain media in the music industry portrays the life of getting rich fast and having a lot of girls. We will write a custom essay sample on Reality Shows: Their Effect on American Teens or any similar topic only for you Order Now Movies depict a life of fast cars, many sexual partners, and dishonesty. The latest media that has become very popular in portraying negative values Is reality shows. Reality shows have replaced traditional family values wows such as: Happy Days, Seventh Heaven, The Cowboys Show, Family Matters, and Growing Pains. Today’s family values are now being portrayed through shows like: Keeping up with the Sardinian, Teen Moms, The Real World, Jersey Shore, and all of the Real Housewives shows. Reality shows have changed the way American teens view family and the values of marriage, honesty, and respect. Today’s teenagers view marriage as a commitment between two people who are in love. Once the love is gone, the marriage is over. On the other hand, some adults may think differently. Marriage is not Just the result from love between two people. There is much more to it. A successful marriage is like a good recipe whose main ingredients, besides love, are commitment, understanding, concern and loyalty. If you can include these qualities In your married life you can find happiness In your marriage. Yet, the future of the stability In American marriage Is slowly decaying. Adults and teens alike are viewing marriage In a different way. This view Is being persuaded by new television shows called Reality television. It Is a known fact the media plays an important part In how teens view themselves and others. Almost every person in the united States has excess to television and the younger generation is the ones who watch it the most (Cheeseboard, 2003, Para 4). Considering the average teen spends more time watching television than with their parents. The majority of them are also learning about the basic values of life, also from television. This bring about a serious concern of reality shows’ effects on teens attitude, values, and behavior. The traditional family value of marriage is portrayed on reality shows as an option for couples who are living together. The reality show Keeping up with the Sardinian is a perfect example of his type of arrangement. One of the older sisters, Courtney, currently lives with her boyfriend and when approached by another slang asking her why she refuses to get married. Courtney replies, â€Å"I’m not sure If he Is really the one† (Bravo, 2011, Para 2). When her mother approaches her about the same thing, Courtney replies, â€Å"Mom, I’m lust not Into ten traditional things† (Bravo, 2011, Para According to David Opened, a Rutgers sociology professor and report co-author, â€Å"Cohabitation is here to stay. I don’t think it is good news, especially for children†, he says, â€Å"As society shifts from arraign to co-habitation, which is what’s happening, you have an increase in family instability’ Canyons, 2005, Para 8). The reality shows that have married couples on it either end up in divorce, the wife shows no respect for her husband, or one spouse cheats on the other. These are the lessons reality shows are teaching American teens today. The broadcasting station, Bravo, has a series of shows titled, The Real Housewives of some very popular cities in America. One of those cities is Atlanta. This reality show is about six women who are married or were once married. The show aired for three years detailing the lives of women who were to represent the real lives of American married women living in Atlanta. Only one of the six was actually married and before the end of the three year series, she was filing for a divorce. Americans by the million were tuning in each week to watch the drama unfold. According to Nelson Media Research, 4. 4 million viewers watched the shows season finale January 30, 2011 and 1. 3 million of those viewers were under the age of 18 (2011). What does this mean for the future of marriage? Many teenagers no longer look forward to their wedding day. In fact in a conversation with teenagers through a youth organization, Youth for Prevention, Action, and Change Through Thought (HAPPY), which aims to develop community leaders by teaching teens about social, racial, and health disparities in their neighborhoods, many of them do not see the need for marriage. One participant stated, â€Å"I’m not looking forward to marriage and I don’t think we [people in general] should be married, because I see how other marriages ended up in my family and on television. It’s always a disaster. When asked which television shows she mainly watches, she replied, â€Å"Reality shows, they ell you how life really is†, Cones, 2006, Para 2). As this ten’s comments indicate, views about marriage are formed by what they see in their lives and in popular media. Shows such as â€Å"The Real World† and the media’s focus on the latest celebrity break-up do not paint a perfect picture of marriage. It is a sign of the growing decline in the value of one of the greatest institutions developed in America. It is these factors that may explain why the U. S. Divorce rate approaches 40 percent. Marriage is not the only American value which seems to be affected by reality shows, honesty s another value among teenagers that is almost invisible and reality shows does not appear to make the view any clearer. There was a time when a man was held to his word and a handshake was the only deed required. Those days are long gone. No one can trust the other. Prenuptial are written before marriages, contracts are required between businesses, and even teenagers are signing contracts with parents. One reality show, Teen Moms, broadcasted a show which detailed a written contract between one teen and her parents. The purpose of the contract was to validate the parents’ words to help their daughter financially after she gives birth to he child. Reality television shows and their effects on teenagers can depend on the desires and motives they see themselves in these stars and somehow these stars are living their lives through the show. Each reality show portrays and fulfills certain desires like powerful high class living, survival and outwitting others, beauty, revenge Ana amnesty. Many teenagers enjoy a certain sense AT pleasure Ana satisfaction when they watch these reality television shows and their effects are continuously mirrored in the way they interact with others, deal with various situations, and face certain challenges. According to the teens in HAPPY, the reality shows are entertaining Cones, 2006, Para 5). Yet, most of these shows are built upon other people’s failures, sadness, frustrations, depressions, and other mental and physical handicaps. There are some reality shows that have a positive effect on ten’s lives. Broadcasting station, FOX, had a show, Trading Spouses, where two families, usually of different social classes, swap wives or husbands for a week. Each family is awarded $50,000, with the stipulation that the guest mother decides how her host family must spend the money (Schneider ; Italian, 2004). The adults show how families can come together and grow. It gives hope to the value of family and honesty. Each participant is required to react normally and to come to an understanding on how to handle differences. The children are given an opportunity to express themselves and this usually results in their parents making some changes to include the opinions of their children. The parents come face to face with the honesty of some mishaps in their family and agree to make an honest effort to correcting them. These types of reality show effect teens in a positive way. For those men’s that may not have been able to express their thoughts or opinions to their parents, the show gives them suggestions and allow them to see an honest possibility of the outcome. Most teenagers see their parents as difficult people to compromise with. This type of reality television shows the vulnerable side of parents and how they can make mistake too. Teens begin to see their parents as human and someone they can talk to. Honesty is rarely played out in reality shows, therefore our teens have a front row view of how to become a liar and deceive people. Some of these wows are so deceitful; it is hard to imagine someone would have agreed to be a participant. For example, â€Å"Joe Millionaire†, is a reality show where women compete to win the heart of a supposed millionaire. At the end, the women find out the â€Å"Joe Millionaire† is actually an â€Å"Average Joe† and have to decide if they want to stay with him. This show is probably one of the most dishonest reality shows and unethical of them all. Teens and adults alike are shown ways to be dishonest and degrade the true meaning of finding love and honesty in an individual. Respect has great importance in everyday life. As children we are taught ,one hopes, to respect our parents, teachers, and elders, school rules and traffic laws, family and cultural traditions, other people’s feelings and rights, our country’s flag and leaders, the truth and people’s differing opinions (Dillon, 2010, Para 1). If we are to live by this description of respect, then reality shows has gotten it wrong. A study called, â€Å"Kids These Days: What Americans Really Think About the Next Generation†, surveyed 2,000 adults who characterized teenagers and young children as â€Å"irresponsible†, â€Å"rude†, and â€Å"lazy’ (Kids these days, 1997). Those words are scarcely new attitudes towards American’s youth. The reality show, Keeping up with the Sardinian, portrays a family with two teenage daughters who are often rude to their parents, constantly shows disrespect towards each other, and uses profanity towards their parents. This reality show is rated number one among teenagers in America. Yet this show, â€Å"Keeping up with the Sardinian†, shows very little respect towards the parents Trot any AT ten SIX centre Foul language Is town across ten room Trot ten teen daughters, young adult children, their boyfriends, and the parents. There is no respect for other people’s feeling, rights or differing opinions. One particular episode, the teen daughters swore at her mother and told her dad she will make her own decision and didn’t need his help. After consulting with his wife, they agreed to allow their 13 year old daughter to make her decision on a career move that would affect her for the rest of her life. This is not a good message to send to teenagers today. Raising one’s voice and slamming doors is not the way to gain respect. Yet, reality shows often show teenagers acting this way and the results are often the arenas bending the rules to allow the teens to make their own decisions. Showing respect is the best way for anyone to receive respect. Everyone should have an opinion, be able to express them and feel good about that relationship. No one should feel pressured to do something Just because it seems like everyone else is doing it, or because someone else is trying to get you to do it. Yet that is precisely what most reality shows are doing. Teens are being pursued to make decisions and react to certain things according to celebrities on reality television. The reality show reduced by MAT, The Real World, gave American Teens a real look at honor and respect in it episode featuring Pedro Somoza. Pedro Somoza was a young man chosen to be one of the six young adults sharing a house in New York City, who Just happened to have AIDS. Pedro died of the disease and America tuned in the watch every episode as it unfolded on television. This series of The Real World, New York taught many people the truth about AIDS. The effect this show had on American teens open their eyes to respect other people, taught valuable lessons on safe sex, and gave AIDS a new found respect. Since the rising of these popular reality elevation shows, American teens have changed the way they view â€Å"entertainment†. This genre has influenced the way teenagers express themselves. Considering many of these shows are geared towards teens, they are the ones who are more susceptible to its various influences. With each passing year more and more of American children are Judging themselves based upon the lives portrayed in popular media. Certain media portrays the life of getting rich fast, having a lot of girls, a life of fast cars, many sexual partners, and dishonesty. There are not many good values portrayed in these reality shows. Yet, reality shows can give insight to teens about many different types of people and cultures. They can also prepare teenagers for the outcome of bad choices people make about the values of marriage, honesty, and respect. The core role is to see what people reactions in certain scenarios are, and how they face these given situations. American teens can learn and apply these outcomes to their lives. They can learn about teamwork. They can become motivated in life to achieve their goals and can even chase a dream. References Dillon, S. (2010). Respect, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2010 Edition). How to cite Reality Shows: Their Effect on American Teens, Papers